POLYMER'S NOMENCLATURE

 

  • Beyond the established IUPAC rules for naming chemical substances, polymers are usually named by taking the name of the base monomer for their conformation, preceded by the prefix poly- ("many"). For example: polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.

  • Another common way is to add the word "rubber", "rubber" or "acrylic" before the name of the copolymers. For example: styrene-butadiene rubber, phenol-formaldehyde resin.


  • Finally, there are some polymers with their own names, usually derived from the brands that marketed them, such as nylon (polyamide), Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) or neoprene (polychloroprene).

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POLYMERIZATION

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 The process of building polymers is polymerization and consists of the union by covalent bonds of the different monomers that comprise it. This process can be of two types: By condensation.  It results in copolymers and homopolymers, through the loss of a small molecule (of water, for example) at each monomer bond. It is also known as step polymerization. By addition.  It occurs in a three-phase process: initiation, propagation, and termination, during which homolytic cleavage occurs and monomers come together. No low molecular mass molecules are released.
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EXAMPLES OF POLYMERS

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   Polymers are very important compounds, since some fulfill vital functions in living beings. For example: proteins, DNA. Many of them are present in nature and in practically everything that surrounds us. For example: plastic in a toy; the rubber in car tires; the wool in a sweater. Some well known are: Cellulose . It is the biopolymer from which wood and paper are made. DNA . It is the deoxyribonucleic acid present in the nucleus of our cells is a good example of a natural polymer. The PCV . Polyvinyl chloride is obtained by polymerizing vinyl chloride and is one of the most versatile plastic derivatives that exist. Starch . It is a white, odorless and tasteless substance, composed of two types of sugars. It is used by plants as an energy reserve material. Nylon . Known as nylon or nylon, it is a polyamide used in the manufacture of traditional female stockings as well as for ropes, parachutes and thousands of other textile supplies. Bakelite . It is the first synthetic plastic subs
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