EXAMPLES OF POLYMERS

 

  •  Polymers are very important compounds, since some fulfill vital functions in living beings.

  • For example: proteins, DNA. Many of them are present in nature and in practically everything that surrounds us. For example: plastic in a toy; the rubber in car tires; the wool in a sweater.

  • Some well known are:
  1. Cellulose. It is the biopolymer from which wood and paper are made.
  2. DNA. It is the deoxyribonucleic acid present in the nucleus of our cells is a good example of a natural polymer.
  3. The PCV. Polyvinyl chloride is obtained by polymerizing vinyl chloride and is one of the most versatile plastic derivatives that exist.
  4. Starch. It is a white, odorless and tasteless substance, composed of two types of sugars. It is used by plants as an energy reserve material.
  5. Nylon. Known as nylon or nylon, it is a polyamide used in the manufacture of traditional female stockings as well as for ropes, parachutes and thousands of other textile supplies.
  6. Bakelite. It is the first synthetic plastic substance. It is used in the industrial production of housings for electrical appliances, kitchen utensils and mouthpieces for traditional wine boots.

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POLYMERIZATION

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 The process of building polymers is polymerization and consists of the union by covalent bonds of the different monomers that comprise it. This process can be of two types: By condensation.  It results in copolymers and homopolymers, through the loss of a small molecule (of water, for example) at each monomer bond. It is also known as step polymerization. By addition.  It occurs in a three-phase process: initiation, propagation, and termination, during which homolytic cleavage occurs and monomers come together. No low molecular mass molecules are released.
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TYPES OF POLYMERS

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  MAIN TYPES OF POLYMERS                                                       -Amorphous and Crystalline Polymers: If we could see the molecular chains of a polymer in a liquid state, we would see that they are completely elongated and relaxed and it is when they cool and solidify that these chains may or may not seek to accommodate themselves. The resins that when solidifying do not seek an accommodation or in other words, solidify without an order are those that are known as amorphous (from the Greek "a" without and "morphos" form). It is this disorder that defines its physical properties. Amorphous resins are mostly transparent because light beams pass through the gaps left by the chains in their disorder. Contrary to amorphous resins, crystalline resins have a good percentage of contraction, which represents certain considerations in their proc...
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